Automatic Sweet Maker | Manvith Reddy Dayam

Process

process

Parameters Involved

Estimate time to steam batter = 30 min
Speed of conveyor belt = 1m/s
Dimensions of mould plates for batter = 40cm40cm8cm (lbh)

parameters

Governing Equations

Conveyor Belt

Equation for length (L)
$(D + \frac{d}{2}) \times 3.14 + 2c = L$
Equation for velocity (v):
$v = u + a \cdot t$

Definitions:

(D) = diameter of roller
(c) = center-to-center distance (distance between centers of rollers)
(L) = length of conveyor belt
(v) = velocity of conveyor belt
(a) = acceleration of conveyor belt
(t) = time taken for moving the plate

Mixer

Volume displaced per revolution (V_1)
$V_1 = \left(\frac{D}{2}\right)^2 \times \pi \times H \times N$
Volume displaced per minute (V_2)
$V_2 = V_1 \times RPM$

Definitions:

(D) = blade diameter
(H) = blade height
(N) = number of blades
(RPM) = revolutions per minute (shaft speed)
(V_1) = volume displaced per revolution
(V_2) = volume displaced per minute
(G) = gallons displaced per minute

Steaming Equation

Heat energy ( Q )
$Q = m \cdot cp \cdot dT$
Definitions:
- Q = quantity of energy or heat (kJ)
- m = mass of substance (kg)
- cp = specific heat of substance (kJ/kg °C) — material properties and heat capacities for common materials
- dT = temperature rise of substance (°C)
Heat transfer rate ( P )
$P = \frac{m \cdot cp \cdot dT}{dt}$
Definitions:
- P = mean heat transfer rate or power (kW (kJ/s))
- m = mass of the product (kg)
- cp = specific heat of the product (kJ/kg °C) — material properties and heat capacities for common materials
- dT = change in temperature of the fluid (°C)
- t = total time over which the heating process occurs (seconds)

Components

Load sensor - SparkFun HX711 with 5Kg Load cell
Servo motor - Metal Gear Servo - MG995
Servo motor - Metal Gear Servo - MG995
L298N Motor Driver with Dual Micro DC Motors (Geared)
Ultrasonic Sensor - HC-SR04
PA-14 - Mini Linear Actuator
Lithium Polymer Battery 7.4v
DC Motor - Hobby Motor Gear
RTC - Real Time Clock
Breadboard
Arduino MEGA
Toggle Switch SPDT

Circuit

circuit

Design

design1

mixer

design2

Algorithm

algorithm

Code

dhokla-maker.ino

#include "HX711.h"
#include <Servo.h>
 
#define calibration_factor -7050.0
#define loadcell_dout_pin x
#define loadcell_sck_pin y
 
HX711 scale;
Servo servo;
 
long duration;
float dist=11;
int motorPin =10;
int motor1pin1 = 1;
int motor1pin2 = 12;
int motor2pin1 = 2;
int motor2pin2 = 9;
int uss1Tpin = 3;
int uss1Epin = 4;
int uss2Tpin = 5;
int uss2Epin = 6;
int pos = 0;
int servoPin = 8;
 
// Dual motor move left
void dualMotorMoveLeft() {
  digitalWrite(motor1pin1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(motor1pin2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motor2pin1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(motor2pin2, LOW);
}
 
// Dual motor move right
void dualMotorMoveRight() {
  digitalWrite(motor1pin1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motor1pin2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(motor2pin1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motor2pin2, HIGH);
}
 
// Dual motor stop
void dualMotorStop() {
  digitalWrite(motor1pin1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motor1pin2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motor2pin1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motor2pin2, LOW);
}
 
// Ultrasonic sensor function
void uss(int ussTpin, int ussEpin){
  digitalWrite(ussTpin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(5);
  digitalWrite(ussTpin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(ussTpin, LOW);
  duration=pulseIn(ussEpin,HIGH);
  dist=duration/60;
  delay(100);
}
 
// Servo open
void servopen(){
  for (pos = 0; pos <= 180; pos += 1) {
    myservo.write(pos);
    delay(15);
  }
}
 
// Servo close
void servclose(){
  for (pos = 180; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) {
    myservo.write(pos);
    delay(15);
  }
}
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("Starting weight measurement");
  scale.begin(loadcell_dout_pin, loadcell_sck_pin);
  scale.set_scale(calibration_factor); 
  scale.tare();
  
  pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motor1pin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motor1pin2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motor2pin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motor2pin2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(uss1Tpin, OUTPUT); // trigger pin in USS
  pinMode(uss1Epin, INPUT);  // echo pin in USS
  servo.attach(servoPin); // servo motor pin
}
 
void loop() {
  digitalWrite(motorPin,HIGH);
  if(scale.get_units() > 12){
    digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW);
    Serial.println("Mixer blade has stopped, weight is reached.");
  }
  
  delay(3000);
  Serial.println("Starting uss");
  delay(1000);
  dualMotorMoveLeft();
  while(dist > 1000){
    uss(uss1Tpin,uss1Epin); // moves the motor
  }
  dualMotorStop();
  delay(1000);
  servopen();
  dualMotorMoveLeft();
  while(dist > 500){
    uss(uss1Tpin,uss1Epin);
  }
  dualMotorStop();
  servclose();
  Serial.println("Sweet is inside the steamer...");
  delay(1800000); // steamer for 30 min
  servopen();
  dualMotorMoveRight();
  while(dist > 100){
    uss(uss2Tpin,uss2Epin);
  }
  dualMotorStop();
  delay(10000);
}